Pdf human factors in aircraft maintenance researchgate. The overall goal of aviation maintenance human factors research is to identify and optimize the factors that affect human performance in maintenance and inspection. It is universally agreed that 80 percent of maintenance errors involve human factors. However, it is much broader in both its knowledge base and. In 1991 worldwide, there were at least four major airline accidents where maintenance was a likely causal factor. The operators manual for human factors in maintenance and ground operations 2 prelude. Human factors guide for aviation maintenance and inspection. Pear has been used as a memory device for over a decade to characterize human factors in aviation maintenance. It presents human factors issues as conditions hazards that must be managed. Aerossurance is pleased to have sponsored this thought provoking raes human factors group. Maintenance human factors faa approved aviation training. Specific issues such as fatigue management, deviations for approved procedure, situation. In most cases, their area of specialty is a field other than maintenance, and few possess aviation maintenance or flight crew licenses.
Maintenance challenges of small unmanned aircraft systems a. This paper provides the rationale for such work and. Each year a vast sum of money is spent on aviation maintenance throughout the. Human factors guide for aviation maintenance, 1995, michael maddox, 016042643x, 9780160426438, aviation medicine, federal aviation administration, u. In the uk, there have been several major incidents and accidents, details of. Human factors in aviation has traditionally concentrated on aircrew and air traffic control errors, but the increasing number of maintenance and inspection errors has seen the rise of human factors research and interventions in this area. Icao requires human factors training to skilled level for pilots, cabin crew, and other safetycritical personnel. Maintenance errors and human factors in aviation asci 490. It has been estimated that for every hour of flight, 12 manhours of maintenance occur. Human factors was not a new concept, and human fac.
There are now maintenance human factors programs in most major airlines, so that mechanics aviation maintenance technicians is the proper title, inspectors, engineers and managers have all heard about the problems that can arise and what are effective strategies for dealing with these problems. Our human factors course engages trainees in understanding and applying safety, precaution, and psychological factors to airport and aircraft safety. Public and regulatory sensitivity to the role of maintenance errors increased dramatically after the aloha airlines b737 accident in 1988. Faa bibliography pdf 198 kb embryriddle aeronautical universitys hunt library produced this site using human factors guide in aviation maintenance 3. This paper gives a logical approach to error reduction, combining error investigation and task. Individualrelated factors and managementrelated factors in. Remember pear the memory jogger, or mnemonic, pear figure 1 makes the recognition and mitigation of human factors b y d r. Human factors in aircraft maintenance a preliminary. Under the auspices of the national plan for aviation human factors, the faa has recognized the importance of the role of the human in aircraft safety, focusing research on the aircraft inspector and the aircraft maintenance technician amt faa, 1991, 1993. We will address this issue separately as we visit the repair facilities throughout the country. The hu man factors in aviation maintenance and inspection hfami web site hfskyway.
The primary objective of this research is to develop a structural relationship model that incorporates human. Maintenance technicians work in an environment that is more hazardous. Human factors training courses for aviation maintenance. May 8 th, 2001 cap 716 aviation maintenance human factors uk 4. The contributions of human factors on human error in. Alertness management lessons from aviation this page gives more information regarding the alertness management in aviation operations. Administration faa human factor resources are provided. This course blends an interactive environment of learning with thoughtprovoking examples for the student to understand and apply to their roles within an aviation career. These situational characteristics combined with human factors can lead to various types of human related errors. The human factors aspects of air carrier maintenance and inspection for the continuing airworthiness of transport category airplanes, to include repair procedures and the training, certi. Mar 08, 2017 there are now maintenance human factors programs in most major airlines, so that mechanics aviation maintenance technicians is the proper title, inspectors, engineers and managers have all heard about the problems that can arise and what are effective strategies for dealing with these problems. Nov 22, 20 as the educational outreach arm of the faa, the faasteam is committed to serving the general aviation community, and making our skies even safer.
While this manual covers each of these aspects and more, it is most important to understand that human factors is not just something to learn for a test. Where does human factors ergonomics fit into aviation. Maintenance challenges of small unmanned aircraft systems a human factors perspective an introductory handbook october 2008 alan hobbs, ph. A sound aircraft inspection and maintenance system is important. An organisational approach to human factors, in hayward bj, lowe ar eds. Human factors guide for aviation maintenance, 1995, michael. On 12 may 2015 at cranfield university, the royal aeronautical society discussed human factors in engineering the next generation aerossurance is pleased to have sponsored this thought provoking raes human factors group. Human factors directly cause or contribute to many aviation accidents. Aviation maintenance technicians amts are confronted with many human factors due to their work environments. Human factors in maintenance a vision for aviation safety. On 12 may 2015 at cranfield university, the royal aeronautical society discussed human factors in engineering the next generation.
Cap 716 aviation maintenance human factors easa jar145. Airlines and suppliers asked for an electronic checklist tool for collecting supplier evaluation data. Feb 18, 2011 the dirty dozen of aircraft maintenance faaeasa mag compliant human factors training duration. If interpreted narrowly, human factors is often considered synonymous with crew resource management crm or maintenance resource management mrm. Cap 718 human factors in aircraft maintenance and inspection page iii chapter page date chapter page date.
You will also gain practical skills to manage human error, through the application of key theories and tools covered throughout the course. In 1988, earl wiener and david nagels human factors in aviation was released. Human factors training for maintenance personnel is also required up to the skilled level. Pdf an overview of human factors in aviation maintenance. Lack of communication, complacency, lack of knowledge, distraction, lack of teamwork, fatigue, lack of resources, pressure, lack of assertiveness. These were lauda 767 over thailand, united 737 at colorado springs, nationair canada dc8 in saudi arabia and continental express brasilia in texas. J o h n s o n, chief scientific and technical advisor for human factors for aircraft maintenance systems for the faa and d r. The dirty dozen of aircraft maintenance faaeasa mag compliant human factors training duration. Chapter 1 human factors introduction aviation maintenance has changed over the years. A practical human factors approach to managing error in.
Uav collaborative nasa research park moffett field, ca. Jun 03, 2015 the operators manual for human factors in aviation maintenance 09 the safety issues raised in this report include. Maintenance human factors have been a significant contributor to a number of adf accidents and serious incidents ac type problem c main wheel downlock disconnect f18 fuel line connection failure sk50 flight control disconnect nias f111 main wheel departure s70a fire extinguisher discharge p3c control cable chaffingfailure. A model to explain human factors in aviation maintenance. Individualrelated factors and managementrelated factors. While boeing safety statistics attribute 80% of all aviation accidents today to human errors pilot, mechanic, or air traffic controller error, etc. However, as anyone working in aviation maintenance knows, there have been a number of serious, even fatal, accidents over the years that were caused primarily by maintenance errors. Human factors guide for aviation maintenance, 1995. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext.
Pdf the influence of human factor in aircraft maintenance. Tacg has been delivering hf courses to aviation operators on a global basis since 2000. The other aspect of human factors is your own personal safety. Cap 716 aviation maintenance human factors easa jar145 approved organisations page iv part chapter page date part chapter page date appendix a 19 18 december 2003 appendix a 20 18 december 2003 appendix a 21 18 december 2003 appendix a 22 18 december 2003 appendix a 23 18 december 2003 appendix a 24 18 december 2003 appendix a 25 18. It is intended to show how human capabilities and limitations can. In 2005 the federal aviation administration faa worked with industry representatives to complete the operators manual for human factors in aviation maintenance ops manual. Technicians use more and more sophisticated equipment and procedures. This paper is intended to shed light on the fundamental concepts of human factors hf. Really the leaders guide pdf document scanned into a powerpoint format. Human factors is one of the most used terms in the aviation industry. An overview of human factors in aviation maintenance. Human performance factors for elementary work and servicing introduction the following document is intended to raise awareness of human performance and human factors issues for individuals tasked with doing elementary work as per. Maintenance is one of the largest costs facing airlines.
Human factors ntsb case studies technologically advanced aircraft and risk compensation. With the history of efforts in the aviation industry being focused primarily in technological development, the deficiency in this ideology began to. At a time when the stealth bomber, hubble telescope, and perestroika were fresh ideas, this important book signi. A brief history and overview is presented followed by a description of the elements that comprise an hf program. Aviation mishaps caused by maintenance factors vary in severity, but can cost untold sums in lives and equipment lost. Tacg instructors are highly qualified and experienced professionals who are well versed in delivering successful hf training events around the world, and who are sensitive to cultural differences among aviation operators, both geographically and organizationally.
All four aircraft and a total of 530 occupants were lost ramsden 1992. Human factors in maintenance flight safety foundation. As the educational outreach arm of the faa, the faasteam is committed to serving the general aviation community, and making our skies even safer. Human factorsguidelines federal aviation administration. Specific issues such as fatigue management, deviations for.
Maintenance manual mm and concluded that it was a straightforward job. Aviation maintenance human factors this page offers more information on aviation maintenance human factors training. Maintenance personnel are confronted with a set of human factors unique within aviation. Cap 718 human factors in aircraft maintenance and inspection. A brief history and overview is presented followed by a description. Human factors in aircraft maintenance and inspection previously icao digest no. Human factors in general aviation have you ever read an article about an aircraft crash, and asked the question how. Pdf human error is cited as a major causal factor in most aviation mishaps, including the 15% 20% that involve maintenance error.
Your education, experience, and professional goals will mean little if struck down by an injury or other workplace hazard. Human performance factors for elementary work and servicing introduction the following document is intended to raise awareness of human performance and human factors issues for individuals tasked with doing elementary work as per canadian aviation regulation cars 625, appendix a3. Although the majority of human factors study in aviation is concentrated in commercial operations, much of the research in areas such as understanding human error, vision and illusions, the effects of fatigue, body rhythms. Whatever the reason for this, it is not because maintenance is insignificant. Maintenance human factors the pear model the faa has developed a memory aid called pear and it makes recognition and mitigation of human factors even easier. Written for the widespread aviation community students, engineers, scientists, pilots, managers, government personnel, etc.
Sjsu foundation human systems integration division nasa ames research center moffett field, ca stan herwitz, ph. Our research combines scientific understanding of human performance with applied studies conducted with industry partners. The importance of human factors to the aircraft maintenance technician, supervisors. This page contains links to pdf files of research documents from the faas 1999 cdrom titled human factors in aviation maintenance and inspection hfami.
Human factors in the maintenance of unmanned aircraft. Human factors for aircraft maintenance avia educon. This course will provide you with indepth knowledge of a wide range of human factors issues in aviation maintenance. The twelve most common aviation maintenancerelated, human factors causes of errors. Aviation maintenance is a multitasking activity in which individuals perform varied tasks under constant pressure to meet deadlines as well as challenging work conditions. The operators manual for human factors in aviation maintenance 09 the safety issues raised in this report include.
Human factors in aircraft maintenance skybrary aviation safety. A bibliography of all publications from the human factors in aviation maintenance and inspection program. Office of the chief scientist for human factors aviation maintenance. This edited textbook is a fully updated and expanded version of the highly successful first edition of human factors in aviation. Human factors in general aviation have you ever read an article about an aircraft crash, and asked the question how could that have happened. If they are not detected, they can cause events, worker injuries, wasted time, and even accidents. It was quoted in the civil aviation authority cap 715 that aircraft accidents recorded from around the world brought the need to address human factors issues in this environment into sharp focus6.
As an aircraft maintenance technician, we want you to increase your awareness and grade yourself on your human factors. Our research combines scientific understanding of human. This research covers 19891998 and includes various types of documents such as conference proceedings, research reports, and the human factors guide. Surveys reveal the importance of regulations mandating human factors programs. Risk compensation is an effect whereby individual people may tend to adjust their behavior in response to perceived changes in risk.